Introduction
Christmas lights are a part of a great tradition that has been carried on from year to year. They light up the world for the month of December. Even more than that, they have chemistry involved everywhere you look. They use the electric current running through their wire to light a case of filament and argon to create a beautiful glow. I chose to research christmas lights because I love the holiday season. It brings so much happiness and I thought it would be a great idea to learn more about how it all works. My life is affected by christmas lights because they have become such a big part of today’s celebration of the Christmas season. It also helps me to understand how normal everyday lights work as well.
Composition of ...
Main Chemicals, Compounds, Components
Glass(SiO₂), also known as silica, is a main component in christmas lights. It is melted down and formed into a bulb shape. It is then fit to be put around the filament of the light. It is made of sand, soda ash, and limestone. Glass was first used in christmas lights in 1880. It is used in christmas lights because it is resistant to high temperatures and can hold the Argon in around the filament.
Polyvinyl chloride(C₂H₃Cl), also known as PVC, is another important factor in christmas lights. It is polymerized and formed to cover the copper wiring. It is made of ethylene, chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon. PVC was first used for christmas lights in 1880 as well. It helps to run the electricity through the copper wiring without letting it touch or burn anything around it.
Chemistry's Role
How are glass and polyvinyl chloride made you might ask? This is how…
Background Research
Christmas lights are not as complex as you may think they are. An electric current runs through the copper wire, that is covered with the polyvinyl chloride, to reach the filament. A contact wire brings the electric current to the filament, made of tungsten. The filament then gets hot and causes the inert gas, such as Argon, around the filament to glow. The glass casing around all of this can be different colors to make the season bright. With a closed circuit the electric current runs through the filament and back out of the bulb. In an open circuit the filament is burnt and the current cannot continue through it. Also, in the series of lights the electric current travels through each light and onto the next. That’s why if one light goes out, so do all of the ones after. In a parallel this does not happen because each light has it’s own circuit to the power source and the others can continue to get power, even though the other burned out.
Resources
http://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/holidays-christmas/christmas-lights.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_lights
http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/christmaslights.html
http://energy.gov/articles/how-do-holiday-lights-work
https://www.decodedscience.org/how-christmas-lights-work/5755
http://www.pvc.org/en/p/how-is-pvc-made
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/glass.html
http://gizmodo.com/5425395/christmas-lights-the-brief-and-strangely-interesting-history-of
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Holiday-Lights.html
http://archive.onearth.org/articles/2013/12/christmas-lights-are-coated-with-toxic-chemicals-lead
https://www.decodedscience.org/how-christmas-lights-work/5755
About the Author
Kenzee Ickes is a junior at Senior High School. She can be a little sarcastic at times… or all of the time. Her favorite things include soccer, coffee, and Christmas. She is a part of the Varsity Girls Soccer team and loves to travel. She plans to attend Montana State University to become a nurse and someday travel the world.